AS_400 Genetics
Course Content
Cell: Structure and function (review), Cell division (Cell cycle and intermediate phase. Mitigation. Decrease. Spermatogenesis and ovulation. Reproduction and biological cycles). Model inheritance (Model analysis and probabilities, monohybridization, hybridization. Problems). Extensions of Mendelian Heredity (Multiple Alleles. Lethal Genes; Gene Interaction (Epistasis). Pleiotropism – Penetration – Expressivity). Chromosomal theory of inheritance, sex inheritance (sex determination), sex-linked inheritance. Gene binding and mapping (Genetic recombination. Binding of two genes. Mapping of three or more genes). DNA: structure, anatomy and function of DNA and the gene. Flow of Genetic Information. Replication, Transcription, Translation, Gene expression, genetic code. Gene regulation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Gene mutations (Distinction of mutations. Mutation detection and selection systems. Mutants). Structure and organization of chromosomes. Changes in the structure, organization and number of chromosomes. Non-Mendelian inheritance (Inheritance of mitochondrial genes. Maternal effect. Molecular genetics of organelles). Introduction to Population and Quantitative Genetics. Genetic diversity. Influence of native breeding on genetic diversity. Systematic and random processes of changing allele frequencies, Phenotypic value and variation. Inheritance factor. Selection of quantitative characters). Systems Evolution and Biology: Principles.
AS_ 401 Cellular & molecular biology
Course Content
DNA as genetic material: landmark experiments, evolutionary angle in molecular biology, mutations and their consequences. Cell and genomes. Membrane Structure. Membrane Transfer of Small Molecules and Electrical Properties of Membranes. Intracellular compartments and intracellular membrane circulation. Cell cycle, energy conversion and cell death. DNA, chromosomes, genomes. Copy, Repair, DNA Recombination. The content of genomes: genomic mapping, model organisms and human genomes, polymorphisms, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes. Interrupted genes: intron origin, exons and protein domains, alternative splicing. Genomic families: family structure and evolution, pseudogenes. How Do the Cells Read The Genome: From DNA to Protein. Control of Gene Expression.
AS_ 402 Ichthyology
Course Content
The objectives of the course is the study of the systematics, anatomy, morphology, age and growth, reproduction and feeding of fishes. In particular in the lectures are analysed the history, purpose of course, fish characteristic, morphology, systematic, anatomy and functional morphology, systems, organs and function, young stage of fishes, fishes relationships by other organism, buoyancy and locomotion, homeostasis (osmoregulation, thermal adaptations, respiration), age, growth, biometry, growth parameters, reproduction and fecundity, food and feeding, stomach content, trophic level, food competition, and use of FishBase.
AS_ 403 Principles of animal nutrition
Course Content
Evolution and importance of the science of nutrition for the mass rearing of animals – birds – fishes. Decomposition and composition of proteins, non-nitrogenous substances, carbohydrates and lipids. Absorption of micromolecules (vitamins, minerals, pigments) and their importance in nutrition. Digestive system 1, comparative reference to morphology and function in various mammalian species. Digestive system 2, comparative reference to morphology and function in various bird species. Digestive system 3, comparative reference to morphology and function in various fish species. Nutritional behavior and dietary specificities – preferences for farmed species of animals –birds – fishes. Nutritional behavior and special needs in animal nutrition on the basis of age and genital maturity. Nutritional behavior and special needs in animal nutrition in situations of severe stress in the farm population. Diseases due to deficient or unbalanced diet. Special diet during diseases. Methods of studying the effects of diet on the quality parameters of breeding (growth, metabolism and flesh composition). Suggestions and comments on good practice in the composition of feeds with regard to mammalian-bird-fish nutrition.
AS_ 404 Aquatic ecosystems
Course Content
The aquatic environment (definitions, comparison with terrestrial ecosystems). Zonation in the marine and lake environments (water column and benthic environment). Abiotic factors (Temperature, light, salinity, nutrients, dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, density, water column stratification). Water mass movement (waves, tides, current types). Ecological taxonomy of aquatic organisms (plankton, nekton, benthos). Primary producers in the aquatic environment (phytoplankton, macroalgae, seagrasses, lake plants). Primary production and environmental factors. Distribution of primary production in the water column and on the seabed. Temporal evolution of primary production. Zooplankton. Organism categories, morphology and survival adaptations. Distribution of zooplankton in the water column. Secondary production of zooplankton. Environmental factors affecting secondary production. Spatial and temporal distribution of secondary production in the water column. Benthos. Organism categories. Main adaptation of benthic organism in the various benthic zones of soft and hard substrates. Trophic webs in the aquatic environment.
